Black vinegar is dark-colored vinegar traditionally used in Chinese cuisine and other East Asian cuisine.
Another type of Chinese "black vinegar" is Zhenjiang vinegar () and similar condiments from southern China. The condiment is an inky-black rice vinegar aged for a , woody, and smoky flavor. It is made from rice (usually Glutinous rice), or sorghum, or in some combination of those, sometimes including wheat and millet. Black vinegar was traditionally aged in clay pots.
In Sichuan, black vinegar is made from wheat bran and flavored with traditional medicinal spices. Sichuan's Baoning vinegar (保寧醋 or 保宁醋) is a famous example.
Black vinegar from Fujian is made using glutinous rice and colored red by the infusion of a special fungus.
A number of historic vinegars were considered to be among China's first list of intangible cultural heritage, with more added since.
According to some reports, Japan's annual per capita consumption of vinegar is 3.5 times that of China's.
The first written mention of vinegar dates back to BC 1058, during the Zhou dynasty.
Initially extremely costly and used only by the elite, vinegar eventually spread into popular usage by the Han dynasty.
Between 369–404 AD, Chinese techniques for making rice vinegar were imported into Japan.
By 500 AD in the Northern and Southern dynasty era, one book featured 23 different methods for vinegar-making.
During the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty dynasties, the process for creating "smoked vinegar" was developed.
Though the scale of the vinegar industry in China has greatly expanded since the country's industrialisation, production methods remain largely traditional due to a difficulty in regulating and controlling heat-sensitive microbial growths needed for the vinegar-making process.
Some manufacturers have replaced the pottery vats and concrete pools with stainless steel tanks, as well as diversified their vinegar offerings to include different raw materials, including jujube, cherry, aloe, buckwheat, sea buckthorn fruit, fig, onion, and bamboo.
In Chinese medicine, vinegar is considered as a curative effect for acute and chronic hepatitis.
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